Major Depressive Disorder ( Mdd ) - 1363 Words

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a very common mental illness; it can affect anyone. Many people feel down, sad, or â€Å"blue† occasionally, but most the time is short-lived and passes quickly. Depression is more than grief after a loss or just feeling down and/or sad. Major Depressive Disorder consists of at least a two-week episode in which a person’s mood is lowered and can be accompanied with low self-esteem, diminished interest in most activities the individual once enjoyed, low energy, sleep too much or not enough, feeling hopeless and/or empty. An individual may also experience feelings of worthlessness or guilt, unable to concentrate or indecisiveness, and recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation, or an actual†¦show more content†¦Cognitive-behavioral perspective can be used alone or with medication to treat depression. At the origin of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, it is assumed that an individual’s mood is directly related to their patterns of thought. Negative, irrational thinking and thought process affect an individual’s mood, sense of self, behavior, and an individual’s physical state. The main goal of cognitive behavioral therapy is to help an individual recognize negative thought patterns, evaluate their quality of being valid, and interchange them with healthier ways of thinking. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is more of a short-term approach to depression than psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapies. CBT may only require 10 to 20 sessions, while other therapies may require several years. With CBT, an individual may be asked to keep a journal by their therapist. The therapist then can help break down reactions and thought processes to life events and reactions that have been recorded in the journal. Several categories of self-defeating thought patters are as follows: †¢ All-or-nothing thinking: viewing the world in absolute black-and-white terms †¢ Disqualifying the positive: rejecting positive experiences by insisting they â€Å"don’t count† for some reason †¢ Automatic negative reactions: having habitual, scolding thoughts †¢ Magnifying or minimizing the importance of an event: making a bigger deal about a specific event or moment †¢Show MoreRelatedMajor Depressive Disorder ( Mdd )1428 Words   |  6 PagesMajor Depressive Disorder is defined as a â€Å"moderate-to-severe mood disorder in which a person experiences only major depressive episodes but no hypomanic, manic, or mixed episodes† (Butcher, Hooley, Mineka, 2014, p. 618). Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is also referred to Major Depression. MDD is also â€Å"characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a person’s ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy once-pleasurable activities. Major depression is disabling and prevents aRead MoreMajor Depressive Disorder ( Mdd ) Essay2007 Words   |  9 PagesMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD), commonly called depression, is almost twice as prevalent in women than it is in men (Cyranowski, Frank, Young, Shear, 2000). Previously it was thought that this statistic was so because women were more likely to seek help than men were for this disease. However, this has been widel y discounted by the gender difference seen across the world (Cyranowski, Frank, Young, Shear, 2000). With the rising cases of MDD, and the higher likelihood of being diagnosed at youngerRead MoreMajor Depressive Disorder ( Mdd )2779 Words   |  12 Pages Introduction This paper examines Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). As MDD is one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorders in the world, it represents one of the most important topics for research and clinical treatment strategies. The severity and duration of MDD is what distinguishes it from other forms of depressive mood disorders. It represents the most serious manifestation of the depressive mood disorders. The paper will provide a detailed description of the disease, its etiologyRead MoreMajor Depressive Disorder ( Mdd )1857 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental illnesses around the world. It is estimated that over 120 million people suffer from depression and it can be recognised in people as having episodes of low mood and a loss of interest in activities. MDD is a very disabling mental illness and highly costly in society. It is also referred to as clinical depression and it affects how you feel, think and behave. As a result it can lead to various emotional and physical problemsRead MoreMajor Depressive Disorder ( Mdd )2192 Words   |  9 PagesAccording to the DSM-5, to meet criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD), it is required that single or recurrent major depressive episodes (MDE) are present without mania and hypomania. To diagnose a patient for MDE, there must be presence of five symptoms, such as persistent low mood, insomnia or hypersomnia, anhedonia, more than 5% increment or decrement in total body weight over a month, inconclusiveness, suicidal thoughts, hypo or hyper motor activity, for at least 2 weeks for most partRead MoreCausation Of Major Depressive Disorder ( Mdd )1532 Words   |  7 Pagescould lead to the causation of major depressive disorder (MDD). These different factors could also be linked with one another depending on the particular individual suffering with the mental illness. Fava and Kendler proposed that there are four major risk factors associated with MDD, these include; ‘gender, stressful life events, adverse childhood experiences and certain personality traits’ (Fava Kendler, 2000). For an individual to have experienced a major depressive episode specific symptoms mustRead MoreEffects Of 1.major Depressive Disorder ( Mdd )1618 Words   |  7 Pages Case 2 LB (MDD) 1.Major depressive disorder is linked to many causes such as biologic, cognitive, and behavioral, but the most influential of all on the development of MDD seem to be social and interpersonal factors, and genetics. This can be supported through LB’s experiences with MDD. LB is a thirteen year old girl, who has been faced with many interpersonal, familial stressors that possibly triggered or worsened her depression. Her parents got a divorce when she was a youngRead MoreIntroduction. Major Depressive Disorder (Mdd) Is A Very1423 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a very common diagnosis in the mental health field. It is important that clinicians understand MDD thoroughly as it is such a common diagnosis. Many clinicians will be faced with working with clients with a diagnosis of MDD at some point in their careers so it is important to review the criterion and study the diagnosis. Major Depression Disorder requires a distinct change in mood usually a transition into feelings of sadness and hopelessness. ThisRead MoreA Short Note On The Major Depressive Disorder ( Mdd )1513 Words   |  7 PagesI. FDA Approved Indications o Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Off-Label Uses o Treatment of comorbid insomnia in patients with MDD or other mood disorders o Reduction of hot flash frequency and/or severity in women with natural menopause and those with a history of breast cancer (2) II. Pharmacology/Pharmacokinetics a. Therapeutic category: Tetracyclic antidepressant agent b. Mechanism of action i. The exact mechanism of antidepressant action of mirtazapine is not entirely understood, but theRead MoreCaring For a Patient with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Essay3408 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by the presence of one or more major depressive episodes (MDE) without a history of manic, mixed, or hypomanic episodes. Episodes of substance induced mood disorder and mood disorder due to a general medical condition do not count toward a diagnosis of MDD nor do episodes that may be better accounted for by schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, or psychotic disorder not otherwise specified. A MDE is defined by a period of at

Adolescent Body Image. Historically, Adolescent Liked Their

Adolescent Body Image Historically, adolescent liked their bodies and appreciated the many things it could do. However, on the way to adulthood, doubts and insecurities may have crept in. Instead of admiring the many capabilities their body could do, they began to castigate its looks. In an atmosphere where many adolescents are exposed to different thin-ideal online ads, magazines, and in general social media, one can understand the struggle that many adolescents undergo. After conducting much research the issue that will be addressed in this research paper is the impact of media on body image and weight during adolescent years. Purpose: In the article â€Å"Net Girls: The Internet, Facebook, and Body Image Concern in Adolescent Girls†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Body scrutiny was tested by The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale-Youth. Lastly, ambition for thinness was tested by the Eating Disorder Inventory (Tiggerman Slater, 2013). Results/ Conclusion: The results of this study were concise and clear. This study showed a positive correlation between internet exposure and body image concerns among adolescent girls. A staggering 95.9% of adolescents had access to the internet in their home and 43.4% had internet connections in their rooms. The average time spent on the internet was 2 hours per day. The majority of the activities done on the internet was related to thin beauty ideals. Moreover, Facebook, which is a well know social networking site, produced negative body image concerns among adolescents. An overwhelming majority of 75.1% of adolescent girls spent an hour and a half on Facebook. On the other hand, MySpace only had 46.3% with an average time spent of 34.4 minutes a day. Table 1 attested that total time spent on Facebook and MySpace correlated with body image concerns. Furthermore, Table 2 indicates that body image concerns for the Facebook user were much greater in comparison to the non-users. Overall results showed that more time spent on the Internet and specific social networking sites such as, FacebookShow MoreRelatedBody Piercings And Its Impact On Society1665 Words   |  7 PagesCaesar. As body piercings become increasingly popular in modern culture, it has brought many researchers to the realization that this trend is a tragic insight into an individual’s psyche as well as their physical being and opportunities in the workplace even though it’s seen as a way to express one’s self. Socially and economically, body piercings, among other forms of body modifications, have not only benefited individuals but may also be quickly destroying them. Historically, body piercings haveRead More Social Networks and Social Networking Sites Essay3605 Words   |  15 Pagestechnological era, the millennials. Adolescents and young adults have been bombarded during their critical years of development with the readily available online social networking sites, along with the undeniable slogans plastered on almost every advertisement, such as â€Å"Like us on Facebook† or â€Å"Follow us on Twitter.† The younger generations have been faced with many different issues than previous generations. A few decades ago, one would have never thought that adolescents and young adults would be concerningRead MoreIdentities : Cultural Stereotypes Of African American Women Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pageshypersexualized images in culture and media. This social milieu shapes the self-identities and society’s perception of African American women, leading this group to devalue themselves and others to devalue them, resulting in some of the highest rates of teen pregnancy, HIV infection and an abhorrent lack of alarm at the rape of black women. Gender and racial oppression and its imagery is not a new paradigm, invented to symbolize hip hop culture. Instead, racism developed historically as a way to maintainRead MoreCase Conceptualization of Patient2586 Words   |  10 Pagescontinues (2 more episodes) ïÆ'   others start to notice her confusion Family history. Mother. no mention of mother Father. - He was reportedly abusive to the patient and her siblings during their childhood - Father had alcohol problem - Patient never liked father (â€Å"he is nuts†) - feeling that she was sexually abused - dragged by hair - was picked up and thrown - father often went into a rage, screaming, beating â€Å"hell out of brother† - Didn’t beat the girls Mental status. - patient was oriented to placeRead MorePopular Culture and Violent Behavior Essay11795 Words   |  48 Pagesmeans by which the masses can direct dominant controlling forces. The main way I will do this is through my research into violent behaviour and the impact that popular culture can have on individuals and groups in society - mainly adolescents and young children - by looking at susceptibility, attraction, reactions and influences. Figures from the internet highlight the capability television can have to influence an individual: There are 7.5 violent acts per minuteRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesNarrative, 16 II Problems of Film Semiotics Chapter 3. Chapter 4. Chapter 5. The Cinema: Language or Language System? 31 Some Points in the Semiotics of the Cinema, 92 Problems of Denotation in the Fiction Film, 108 III Syntagmatic Analysis of the Image Track Chapter 6. Outline of the Autonomous Segments in Jacques Rozier s film Adieu Philippine, 149 Chapter 7. Syntagmatic Study of Jacques Rozier s Film Adieu Philippine, 177 vii viii CONTENTS IV The Modern Cinema: Some Theoretical ProblemsRead MoreFrom Salvation to Self-Realization18515 Words   |  75 Pagesantebellum era, when health reformers sprouted like mushrooms, linking medical with moral standards of value. But during the late nineteenth century, medical prestige became far more firmly established. While urban ministers authority waned, doctors of body and mind became professionalized into therapeutic elites. This meant a growth in influence not only for traditional M.D.s but also for neurologists, psychologists, social scientists with panaceas for a sick society, and even for mind curists on theRead MoreHistory of Social Work18530 Words   |  75 Pagesto the National Conference on Social Welfare, Abraham Flexner declares that social work has not yet qualified as a profession, especially because its members do not have a great deal of individual responsibility and because it still lacks a written body of knowledge and educationally communicable techniques. 191 7 Mary Richmond publishes Social Diagnosis. Social workers use her book as a primary text and as an answer to Flexner. ï‚ · The first organization for social workers is established. The nationalRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesone of the most up-to-date and comprehensive texts in the field of organization studies. It takes the reader through different perspectives and various topics on management and organizing, discussing these in some depth and detail. It offers a historically grounded, critical-reflexive approach to studying organizations that will prove to be extremely helpful guidance to students. Dr Sierk Ybema, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands . Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives Read MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pagesbrand awareness became synonymous with marketing. In the 1980s intense competition, even within small niches, created a new environment. With everyone competing for the customer’s attention, the customer became king and demanded more substance than image. Advertising, as a medium of communication, could not sustain the kind of relationship that was needed for ongoing success. Two reasons in particular stood out. First, as Vance Packard, in The Hidden Persuaders, and others educated the American

The Search For Self Identity free essay sample

During adolescence and sometimes even to late adulthood, people are searching for their identity, a relatively clear and stable sense of who one is and what one stands for (Weiten Lloyd, 2006). Identity formation is the central task of adolescence, according to Erik Eriksons’s theory of psychosocial development (Bernstein, 2008). Erikson believed that identity emerges from an identity crisis, which is the phase when one attempts to develop a self-image as a unique person by using knowledge from childhood. Based off of Erikson’s work, James Marcia formed the four identity statuses of identity development: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement (Oswalt). In J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, the protagonist Holden Caulfield struggles as he attempts to find his identity. Holden bests reflects Marcia’s theory of identity development. Marcia’s theory states that there are four different statuses of identity development but people do not necessarily go through all four in any specific order or achieve all four statuses; each status represents the stage of the adolescent’s progress in regards of his/her identity development. We will write a custom essay sample on The Search For Self Identity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Identity diffusion is when there is an absence of struggle for identity. The youth shows no interest/concern in exploring or committing to a specific identity. He/she have not shown any regards of his/her identity and have yet to establish any life goals. Adolescents in the foreclosure status do not question the values and beliefs they have been taught and obtain their identity by accepting the beliefs and values taught by their family, community, and culture. In other words, they accept the identity assigned to them. In this status, adolescents show high degree of commitment but a low degree of exploration. In the moratorium status, youths display a high degree of exploration but a low degree of commitment. They are questioning and experimenting with different values, beliefs, and goals. However, they have not made any commitments about to any beliefs and values or chosen any principles to live by. The last identity status is identity achievement where there are both a high degree of exploration and commitment. This status is achieved by active exploration and a strong commitment to a specific set of values, beliefs, and life goals. At this status, the youth has decided what values and goals are important to him/her, is able to prioritize what is important to him/her, and have already thought through all the possibilities of who he/she want to be. Holden Caulfield holds the status of identity diffusion, where he has no interest in exploring who he is or committing to anything. His very name, Hold-On-Caul-field is play on word. Caul is a membrane that covers the head of a fetus during birth, so his name symbolizes Holden’s refusal to grow up; he is desperately holding onto â€Å"innocence† and childhood. Holden shows his lack of ability to commit from his records of constant expulsion from various prestigious boarding schools. He is extremely harsh and judgmental on other people, calling them â€Å"phony† or fake however, this is just Holden own insecurities about himself. He doesn’t know who he is or what he wants which causes him to be extremely distraught and judgmental about others. Even his younger sister, Phoebe accuses him â€Å"You don’t like anything that’s happening† (Salinger, p169). Phoebe understands that growing up is a necessary process and despite being six years younger than Holden, she is angry with his refusal to grow up. When Holden visits Mr. Antolini, one of Holden’s former teachers, the teacher tells him â€Å" once you have a fair idea where you want to go, your first move will be to apply yourself in school† (p189). Mr. Antolini, too recognizes Holden’s inability to commit himself which leads to Holden’s unsuccessfulness. Erikson believed that people followed a specific path while developing their identity: trust vs. mistrust (infancy), autonomy vs. shame (early childhood), initiatives vs. guilt (mid childhood), competence vs. inferiority (elementary school), identity vs. role confusion (adolescence), intimacy vs.  isolation (young adulthood), generativity vs. stagnation (mid adulthood), integrity vs. despair (late adulthood). However, Erikson’s theory of development does not take into account of any trauma or unusual circumstances that may occur hence why Holden does not follow Erikson’s theory. During Holden’s late childhood, his younger brother passed away, leaving a deep scar on Holden. Unable to cope with the lost of his brother, Holden is stuck in the identity diffusion status and will be unable to achieve any other status until he is able to let go of his brother.

Tragic Hero Antigone Essay Example For Students

Tragic Hero Antigone Essay Tragic Hero What qualities generate a hero? Must heroes possess superhuman abilities? In the Greek era, heroism was much more practical. According to Aristotle, a tragic hero must be royal. He/she must be a good, moral person. Yet, every tragic hero must exhibit flaws. His/her flaws must lead to downfall. A hero must be punished or experience suffering. He/she must invoke catharsis into the audience. A tragic hero must recognize his/her wrongs and accept all consequences. Beyond all doubt, Antigone is a tragic hero. Obviously, Antigone is royal. She is Eteocles, Polyneices and Ismenes sister. We will write a custom essay on Tragic Hero Antigone specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Plus, she is Creons niece. However, a tragic hero must be a good, moral person. Antigone has family pride. She is loyal and honorable. Antigones conscience would not allow her to leave her beloved brother to be scavenged by animals. But I will bury him; and if I must die, I say that this crime is holy: I shall lie down with him in death and shall be as dear to him as he to me. (Prologue, Line 55). Antigones pride and loyalty for her family uphold her morals and good nature. Being human, Antigone exhibited flaws. Antigone demonstrated impressive loyalty and bravery to bury her brother. Yet, becoming a martyr for the cause was extreme. Deciding to transgress the Kings law was a significant faux pas. When Antigone decided to bury her brother, not even the Gods ominous whirlwind could defer her. Overpowering pride and loyalty led to Antigones ruin. Importantly, Antigone received punishment. Creon sentenced Antigone to death by natures hand. Antigone was imprisoned in a stony tomb where starvation would execute her. After suffering without provisions, Antigone performed euthanasia on herself by committing suicide. Therefore, Antigone was a good person with flaws. Antigones imperfections ended her. Despondently, Antigone invoked catharsis into the audience. The audience felt the combined feelings of pity and fear for Antigone. They felt sympathy and pity for her when she could not bury her brother. They felt fear for her because her death sentence was undeserved. For both of these feelings, the audience could relate to Antigone and could imagine how she was feeling; and it was not something they would like to experience. The audience felt that Antigones actions were justified and reasonable, because they might commit similar actions. Antigones death was unmerited. Substantially, Antigone recognized her wrongs. You will remember what things I suffer, and at what mens hands, because I would not transgress the laws of heaven. (Scene 4, Line 79). In this quote, Antigone explained that the reason for her death will always be remembered. She insinuates that burying her brother was not surpassing the laws of the Gods. She may have violated a law set forth by an unrighteous King, but her actions were not erroneous in the Gods eyes. Antigone feels that if death is the cost of a holy action, than she will pay with her life. Rather that recoil in the face of death, Antigone embraced it and ended her own life. On the other hand, Creon failed to exhibit heroic characteristics. True, Creon is the King and he is royal. However, Creon is entirely evil. Creon is a tyrannical and irreconcilable ruler. He requires absolute power, and when opposed, he lashes out on his people. Creon commits malice on Haimon, his own son, by threatening to kill Antigone before his eyes. Creon displayed errors, but they killed others rather than himself. Moreover, Creon was not punished for his actions. No person could stand against him, let alone punish him. Creon is never absolved of his sins, and he never faces them. Furthermore, the audience did not feel catharsis when watching Creon. People were not afraid for Creon, they were afraid of him! Therefore, Creon is not a tragic hero. .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b , .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b .postImageUrl , .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b , .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b:hover , .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b:visited , .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b:active { border:0!important; } .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b:active , .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u634134b1bc8046368f0b5222debde51b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The climate change debate in the United States EssayConsequently, Antigone is a tragic heroine. Antigone is royal. She is not totally good or bad. She played a hand in her own death by demonstrating critical lapses in judgment. Antigone invoked catharsis into the audience. Most importantly, Antigone comprehended her errors. By meeting Aristotles requirements, Antigone accomplished the desirable title of tragic heroine. Nevertheless, A fortune won is often misfortune. .